Nogales

Nogales (English: or, Spanish: [noales]; Spanish for 'walnut trees') is a city in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. The population was 20,837 at the 2010 census and estimated 20,103 in 2019. Nogales is home to four international ports of entry, including the Morley Pedestrian Port of Entry, Dennis Deconcini Pedestrians and Passenger Vehicle Port of entry. The city is the beginning of the Arizona Sun Corridor, an economically important trade region stretching from Nogles to Prescott, including Tucson and Phoenix metropolitan areas. The town is named for the black walnut trees which once grew abundantly in the mountain pass between the cities of Nogsales, Arizona, and Nogale, Sonora. The main consequence of the 1918 violence saw the building of the first permanent border wall along the border with Mexico. In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established Los Nogsal. In 1880, Russian immigrant Jacob Isaacson built a trading post at present-day Nogal. The U.S. Postal Service opened the Isaacson post office but renamed it as Nogals in 1883. In 1915, according to historian David Leighton, Sonora Gov. Jose M. Maytorena ordered the construction of an 11-wire fence, separating Noglaes, Sonor, from Arizona, but it was taken down four months later. On August 27, 1918, a battle between United States Army forces and Mexican militia mostly civilian in composition took place. Culminating as the result of a decade's worth of tensions originating from the. Mexican Revolution and earlier battles in Nogalaes.

History

Nogales was at the beginning of the 1775-1776 Juan Bautista de Anza Expedition as it entered the present-day U.S. from New Spain. In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established Los Nogales de Elía. In 1880, Russian immigrant Jacob Isaacson built a trading post at the site. In 1918, a battle between United States Army forces and Mexican militia mostly civilian in composition took place. The main consequence of the 1918 violence saw the building of the first permanent border wall along the previously unobstructed boundary line on International Street. In 1915, according to historian David Leighton, Sonora Gov. Jose M. Maytorena ordered the construction of an 11-wire fence. But it was taken down four months later. The name "Nogale" is derived from the Spanish word for "walnut" or 'walnut tree' It refers to the large stands of walnut trees that once stood in the mountain pass where Nogale is located. The town is now on the Juan bautista of Anza National Historic Trail. It is located on the border between Arizona and Sonora, in the northern part of the state. It has a population of about 2,000 people, about half of whom live in the town of about 1,500 people. It was once part of Mexico, but became a part of United States of America in 1853.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 20,878 people, 5,985 households, and 4,937 families residing in the city. There were 6,501 housing units at an average density of 312.0/sq mi (120.5/km²) The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 0% Asian,0.0% Pacific Islander, 24.3% from other races, and 2. 4% from two or more races. 95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was3.62. The median income for a household in theCity was $28,044, and the median family income was $24,637. About 30.8% of families and 32.7%. of the residents were below the poverty line, including 41.2% of those under age 18. The city is located on the U.S.-Mexico border. It is located near the border with Mexico. It has a population of 20,000, and a population density of 1,002.1 inhabitants per square mile (386.9/ km²). The city's population is expected to grow to 25,000 by the end of the year. It was the site of a World War II-era naval base, which is now closed.

Geography

Nogales has a semi-arid steppe climate (Köppen BSh/BSk), which is less hot and more rainy than a typical arid climate such as Phoenix. In the winter months, Nogales averages daily maximum temperatures in the mid to upper 60s, with December averaging daily highs of around 65 °F (18 °C) The Arizona Monsoon generally runs through July and August, and these months typically see eight inches or more of combined rainfall. Some monsoon season storms are capable of producing several inches of rain in a short amount of time, creating flash flood hazards. The city has a total area of 20.8 sq mi (54 km²), all of which is land. It is at an elevation of 3,829 ft (1,167 m) The all-time highest recorded temperature was 112°F (44 °C), which was reached on June 26, 1990. The lowest recorded Temperature was 4 °F on December 8, 1978. It has an average annual precipitation of 15 in (380 mm), with June being the hottest month with an average daytime high of 97 °C (36 °C). The city is located on the Yavapai River, which flows through the northern part of the state of Baja California, and the southern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula, which runs through the southern portion of the State of Sonora. The average annual rainfall for the city is about 15 inches (380mm).

Economy

Nogales is heavily dependent on the cross-border trade through its Ports of Entry by produce distributors and American-based manufacturing plants. More than 60 percent of Nogales sales tax comes from the estimated 30,000 Mexican shoppers crossing the border daily. The United States Department of Homeland Security is a major economic driver with thousands of employees working for both the Border Patrol and Customs and Border Protection. Due to the large federal, state, and local police presence, Nogsales has one of the highest police per-capita levels in the United States. Nogsal, Arizona, and Nogale, Sonora, are home to one of. the largest maquiladora clusters. This enables American manufacturing plants on both sides of the border to take advantage of favorable wage and operating costs and excellent. transportation and distribution networks. The largest employers in Nogals are: Seattle Sports and Entertainment, Holy Cross Hospital, The Home Depot, Safeway, UPS Supply Chain Solutions, Walmart, and E.D. Manufacturing. The city's population is roughly 300,000. Most observers guess the population of Nosgales, Sonoras, at roughly 300, 000. Nogal is located on 135 W. Cardwell St. in the heart of the city's downtown area, near the intersection of Interstate-10 and I-15. Nosgar, Arizona is located in the western part of the town, near I-10. Nodal, a town in the county of Santa Cruz, is located near the town of Santa Catalina, about 30 miles south of the U.S. border.

Scenic attractions

The county of Santa Cruz and the city of Nogales have 200 properties listed in the National Register of Historic Sites. The Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Sanctuary, 19 miles east, attracts worldwide visitors to see its diverse bird life. The Wine Country of Sonoita-Elgin is also located 20 miles east of Nogsales. Several state parks and recreation areas are located close to Nosogales, including Peña Blanca Lake, Parker Canyon Lake, and Coronado National Forest. The Santa Cruz County Historical Courthouse on Morley Street/Court Street has the statue of Lady Justice on top of the building. It is also host to ghost towns and mining camps, curio shops, first-class restaurants and night clubs. The Old Tubac Schoolhouse is located in the town of Tubac, about 20 miles south of Nodales. It was established by the Spanish in 1752 on an Indian village site, and is now a tourist attraction. The town is located on the Santa Cruz-Sonora border and is known as one of the most beautiful towns in the state. It has a population of about 3,000. The city is home to a number of tourist attractions, such as the Sonora National Park, a national park, and a national historic site. A day trip to old Nogles, Sonora reveals many of the same architectural uniqueness. It also offers a glimpse of border life at its peak during that time period.

Government

The City of Nogales operates under a council-manager form of government. The mayor is elected to a 4-year term and has a single vote on the city council. The council then hires a city manager to run the day-to-day operations of the city.Mayor Arturo Garino was elected in November 2018, and took office in January 2019. The 6 city council members are elected at-large to 4 year terms. The police chief is Roy Bermudez; the city clerk/city treasurer is Leticia Robinson; and the city magistrate is Mayra Galindo. The city manager is Frank Felix; the mayor is Arturo R. Garino; the vice-mayor is Jorge Maldonado, and the council president is Jose "Joe" Diaz; the fire chief is Marcelino Varona; the police manager is Roberto Rojas; the attorney is Joe Machado; the town clerk/ city treasurer is Leticia Robinson; the chief of police is Jorge "Jorge" Maldonados. The Mayor's office is based in the city's downtown area, which has a population of about 2,000. The City's mayor and city council are elected to four-year terms, with the vice mayor serving a three year term and the mayor a two-yearterm term. The fire chief and the police chief are elected for a four year term, while the city manager serves a two year term. It has a mayor and a city council of six members.

Transportation

Nogales is located at the south end of Interstate 19. Arizona State Route 82 connects Nogales with Patagonia and Sonoita. Interstate 11 is proposed to replace I-19. Santa Cruz County operates the Nogsales International Airport. Private bus companies Greyhound and TUFESA connect Nogals with Tucson and points north. The Nogala Airport is a general use airport. It is located near the town of Nogsala, in the northern part of the state of Yucatán. The airport was built in the 1950s. It has a runway that can handle up to 30,000 people. It was built to handle the growing population of Yocatán, which has a population of about 2,000. It also has an airport that can accommodate up to 20,000 passengers. It opened in 1961 and is located in the north of the city, near the border with Mexico. It closed in the 1980s and was reopened in the 1990s. The Airport is located on the border between Yucatan and Arizona. The town has a number of tourist attractions, such as the Nogalpa River, which runs through the town. The city is also home to a large number of businesses, including a hotel, a restaurant, a bank, a theater, and a sports center. It's located on a major highway, which is used as a hub for the Yucatec National Park and the NOGALPA International Airport, which also serves as an airport.

In popular culture

The Hangover Part III (2013) was partially filmed in Nogales during late 2012. Parts of town were decorated to appear to be Tijuana, Mexico. The Bottom of the Bottle is set in the city. It is mentioned as a border crossing point in Carlos Castaneda's Don Juan series, and a gateway into the Mexican Yaqui communities of Sonora. Benicio del Toro dedicated his award to Ambos Nogale during his acceptance speech at the 73rd Annual Academy Awards in 2001. The city is discussed at length in the popular political economics book Why Nations Fail, comparing the relative success of Nogles, Arizona, to the poverty of Nogsales, Sonora, in the book. It was also the location for the funeral scene in Dog (2022), although these scenes were filmed in Los Angeles, California. The town is mentioned in William Gibson's short story, "The Gernsback Continuum" It is also mentioned in Georges Simenon's novel The Bottom Of The Bottle, and in the TV series The Amazing Spider-Man 2, which was set there in the early 1990s. It has been the subject of numerous books, including "Nogales: A Biography of a City" by David Bianculli and "The City of the Stars" by Neil Gaiman, both of which were written in the 1990s and 2000s. In the book The City of The Stars, the city is referred to as "Nogsales" and the city's name is changed to "Ambos".

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Nogales, Santa Cruz County, Arizona = 36.8. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 50. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 99. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Nogales = 6.6 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 19,770 individuals with a median age of 31.6 age the population dropped by -2.50% in Nogales, Santa Cruz County, Arizona population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 949.57 residents per square mile of area (366.63/km²). There are average 3.32 people per household in the 6,061 households with an average household income of $27,566 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 17.70% of the available work force and has dropped -3.21% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 15.88%. The number of physicians in Nogales per 100,000 population = 62.8.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Nogales = 15.7 inches and the annual snowfall = 2.7 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 55. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 288. 95 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 30.1 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 59, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Nogales, Santa Cruz County, Arizona which are owned by the occupant = 50.79%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 33 years with median home cost = $104,940 and home appreciation of 1.04%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $8.06 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $4,850 per student. There are 18.4 students for each teacher in the school, 229 students for each Librarian and 494 students for each Counselor. 3.00% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 6.06% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 3.97% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).