Minneapolis

Minneapolis is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. As of 2021, the city has an estimated 425,336 inhabitants. Minneapolis has cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. The city's cultural offerings include the Guthrie Theater, the First Avenue nightclub, and four professional sports teams. Most of the University of Minnesota's main campus, and several other post-secondary educational institutions are in Minneapolis. Minneapolis, Saint Paul and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities. The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) has held a majority of council seats there for 50 years. In May 2020, Derek Chauvin, a White officer of the Minneapolis Police Department, murdered George Floyd, a Black man. The resulting global protests put Minneapolis and racism at the center of national and international attention. In 1803, the U.S. acquired land to the west of the. Mississippi from France in the Louisiana Purchase. The French explored the region in 1680. The Dakota Sioux were the sole occupants of the site of modern-day Minneapolis. In the Dakota language, theCity's name is Bde Óta Othúwe ('Many Lakes Town') In 1819, US Army built Fort Snelling at the southern edge of present-dayneapolis to direct Native American trade away from British-Canadian traders, and to deter warring between the Dakota and Ojibwe in northern Minnesota.

History

Minneapolis is the primary city name, but also Brooklyn Center, Brooklyn Ctr, Brooklyn Park, Crystal, New Hope are acceptable city names or spellings. The official name is City of Minneapolis. Dakota Sioux were the sole occupants of the site of modern-day Minneapolis. In the Dakota language, the city's name is Bde Óta Othúwe ('Many Lakes Town') The French explored the region in 1680. In 1803, the U.S. acquired land to the west of the Mississippi from France in the Louisiana Purchase. Minneapolis developed around Saint Anthony Falls, the highest waterfall on the Mississippi River, which was used as a source of energy. By 1871, the river's west bank had 23 businesses, including flour mills, woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes and wood-planing. Minneapolis was the nation's leading flour producer for nearly 50 years, and got the nickname "Mill City" The city was incorporated as a city in 1867 and in 1872, it merged with the city of St. Anthony on the river’s east bank. Minnesota was recognized as the best flour producer in the world in 1874, and held in 1876 as the "patent holder" of the world's best-patent flour. In 1880, a leak sucked 6 ft (1.8 m) into a tailrace into a 90 ft (27 m) chasm-wide community-led repairs and in 1870, several buildings and mills fell into the river. An 1867 court case allowed the C.A. Pillsbury Company across the river to use new methods of milling.

Geography

Long periods of glaciation and interglacial melt carved several riverbeds through what is now Minneapolis. Water supply is managed by four watershed districts that correspond with the Mississippi and the city's three creeks. The city has thirteen lakes, three large ponds, and five unnamed wetlands. Minneapolis experiences a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa in the Köppen climate classification), that is typical of southern parts of the Upper Midwest. Minneapolis has cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers, as is typical in a continental climate. The snowiest winter on record was 198384, when 98.6 inches (250 cm) of snow fell: the least-snowiest winter was 189091, when 11.1 inches (28 cm) fell. Minneapolis is divided into eleven communities, each containing several neighborhoods, of which there are 83. In some cases, two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. In 2018, Minneapolis City Council voted to approve the Minneapolis 2040 Comprehensive Plan, which resulted in a city-wide end to single-family zoning. City leaders sought to increase the supply of housing so more neighborhoods would be affordable and to decrease the effects of racial disparities and segregation. The Brookings Institution called it "a relatively rare example of success for the YIMBY agenda". A Hennepin County District Court judge blocked the city from enforcing the plan because it lacked an overall environmental review. As of July 2022, the city is allowed to use the plan while an appeal is pending. The highest recorded temperature is 108 °F (42 °C) in July 1936 while the lowest is 41 °C (41 °F) in January 1888.

Demographics

More than 50 denominations and religions are present in Minneapolis; a majority of the city's population are Christian. The population of Minneapolis grew until 1950, when the census peaked at 521,718the only time it has exceeded a half million. In 2013, Asians were the state's fastest-growing population. A Black family in Minneapolis earns less than half as much per year as a White family. A 2020 study found little change in economic racial inequality, with Minnesota ranking above only the neighboring state Wisconsin, and equal to the states of Iowa, Louisiana, and New Mexico. In 2015, the Brookings Institution characterized Minneapolis as a re-emerging immigrant gateway where about 10 percent of residents were born outside the US. In 2018, immigration of 1,400 Somalis in 2016 slowed to 48 in 2018 under President Trump. As of 2019, more than 20,000 Somalis live in Minneapolis. In 1971, a reported 150 persons attended classes at a Hindu temple near the university. In 1972, a family from Uganda resettled the first Shi'a family in the Twin Cities. The city has about 20 Buddhist centers and meditation centers. The oldest continuously used church, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, was built in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward was acquired by a French Catholic congregation. The first Jewish congregation was formed in 1878 as Shaarai Tov, and built Temple Israel in 1928. St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887; it opened a missionary school and created the first Russian Orthodox seminary in theUS.

Economy

As of 2020, the Minneapolis metropolitan area contributes $273 billion or 74% to the gross state product of Minnesota. Measured by gross metropolitan product per resident ($62,054), as of 2015, Minneapolis is the fifteenth richest city in the US. Four Fortune 500 corporations were headquartered within the city limits of Minneapolis. American companies with US offices in Minneapolis include Accenture, Bellisio Foods, Canadian Pacific, Coloplast, RBC and Voya Financial. The National Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology & Education has Minneapolis headquarters. The Minneapolis Grain Exchange, which was founded in 1881, is the only exchange for hard, red, spring wheat futures and options. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis serves Minnesota, Montana, North and South Dakota, and parts of Wisconsin and Michigan. Along with supporting consumers and the community, the bank executes monetary policy, regulates banks in its territory, and provides cash and oversees electronic deposits. In 2011, the area's $199.6 billiongross metropolitan product and its per capita personal income ranked 13th in the U.S. The Twin Cities metropolitan area has the seventh-highest concentration of major corporate headquarters in the United States as of 2021. As of mid-2022, Minneapolis area employment is primarily in trade, transportation, utilities, education, health services, professional and business services. Smaller numbers are employed in manufacturing, leisure and hospitality; mining, logging, and construction. The area is the second-largest economic center in the American Midwest behind Chicago.

Arts and culture

Minneapolis has hosted theatrical performances since the end of the American Civil War. Early theaters included Pence Opera House, the Academy of Music, Grand Opera House and Lyceum. Minnesota Orchestra plays classical and popular music at Orchestra Hall under Thomas Søndergård, the music director effective with the 2023-2024 season. Minnesota Spoken Word Association and independent hip hop label Rhymesayers Entertainment have garnered attention for their rap, hip hop, and spoken word performances and recordings. Hüsker Dü and The Replacements were pivotal in the US alternative rock boom during the 1980s. Tom Waits released two songs about the city, "Christmas Hooker" (Blue Valentine Card from a Christmas Card in 1978) and "9th" (Rain Dogs, Lucinda Williams & Henninin) (2001). In 2008, the century-old MacPhail Center for Music opened a new facility that was designed by James Dayton. In 2012, the Guinness World Records measured a 249 decibels decibel decibel measurement of Minnesotan music as part of the Guinness Book of Records' "World Records of the Year" series. The city is home to the Minnesota Orchestra, which recorded Casa Guidi, winning a Grammy Award in 2004 for composer Dominick Argento. Minnesota Opera, Mill City Opera, and the Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company are among the opera companies based in the city. Minneapolis is the home of the University of Minnesota, which opened its first opera house in 1894.

Sports

Minneapolis has four professional sports teams. The American football team Minnesota Vikings and the baseball team Minnesota Twins have played in the state since 1961. The basketball team Minnesota Timberwolves returned National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball to Minneapolis in 1989, and were followed by Minnesota Lynx in 1999. The city hosts some major sporting events, including baseball All-Star Games, World Series, Super Bowls, NCAA Division 1 men's and women's basketball Final Four, the AMA Motocross Championship, the X Games, and the WNBA All-Stars Game. Six golf courses are located within Minneapolis' city limits. While living in Minneapolis, Scott and Brennan Olson founded and later sold Rollerblade, the company that popularized the sport of inline skating. The Twin Cities Marathon is a Boston Marathon qualifier. The U.S. Bank Stadium was built for the Vikings at a cost of $1.122 billion, $348 million of which was provided by the state of Minnesota and $150 million came from the city of Minneapolis. The Minnesota Wild, an National Hockey League team, play at the Xcel Energy Center; and the Major League Soccer team Minnesota United FC play at Allianz Field, both of which are located in Saint Paul. The Gophers football team plays at Huntington Bank Stadium and have won national championships in 1904, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960. The women's ice hockey team is a six-time NCAA champion, and was the national champion in 2000, 2004, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2016.

Parks and recreation

Minneapolis has one of the best parks systems in the United States. The city's Chain of Lakes is connected by bicycle paths, and running and walking paths. 98 percent of residents live within one-half mile (0.8 km) of a park. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area connects regional parks and visitor centers. Minnehaha Park contains the 53-foot (16 m) waterfall Minnegaha Falls. The Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary is located within Theodore Wirth Park. The City of Lakes Loppet cross-country ski race is part of the American ski marathon series. The park board maintains 20 outdoor ice rinks in winter and the city's Lake Nokomis is host to the annual U.S. Pond Hockey Championships. In the bestselling and often-parodied 19th-century epic poem The Song of Hiawatha, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow named HiaWatha's wife MinneHaha for the Minneapolis waterfall. The five-mile (8 km), hiking-only Winchell Trail runs along the Mississippi River, and offers views of and access to the Mississippi Gorge and a rustic hiking experience. The country's oldest public wildflower garden is located in Theodore Wither Park, which is shared with Golden Valley and is about 90 percent of the area of Central Park, New York City. Approximately 15 percent of land in Minneapolis is parks, in accordance with the 2020 national median. When there is sufficient snowfall or in the presence of snowmaking, a partnership between the park board and Loppett Foundation provides for the grooming of 20 miles (32km) of cross- country ski trails.

Government

Minneapolis is currently a majority holding for the Minnesota DemocraticFarmerLabor Party (DFL), an affiliate of the Democratic Party. The city adopted instant-runoff voting in 2006, first using it in the 2009 elections. In 2022, the 13-member council has seven political newcomers and for the first time has a majority of non-White council members. At the federal level, Minneapolis is within Minnesota's 5th congressional district, which since 2018 has been represented by Democrat Ilhan Omar, one of the first two practicing Muslim women and the first Somali-American in Congress. In 2015, the City Council passed a resolution making fossil fuel divestment city policy, joining 17 cities worldwide in the Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance. Minneapolis' climate plan calls for an 80 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. In 2021, a ballot question shifted more power from the city council to the mayor, a change that proponents had tried to achieve since the early 20th century. The US Justice Department and the Minnesota Department of Human Rights have been investigating policing practices in Minneapolis. As of July 2022, violent crime rose about 3% across Minneapolis compared with 2021, and in 2020, it rose 21%.A 2021 ballot question to abolish the police department failed. The restructured mayor's role created a new Minneapolis Office of Community Safety, with its commissioner overseeing the police and fire departments, 911 dispatch, emergency management, and violence prevention. A Reuters investigation found that killings surged when a "hands-off" attitude resulted in fewer officer-initiated encounters.

Education

Minneapolis Public Schools enroll over 35,000 students in public primary and secondary schools. Students speak over 100 languages at home and most school communications are printed in English, Hmong, Spanish, and Somali. Besides public schools, the city has more than 20 private schools and academies, and about 20 additional charter schools. The University of Minnesota offers free tuition to students from Minnesota families earning less than $50,000 per year. The university has unusual constitutional autonomy that has existed in three US states since 1851, when the provision was included in Minnesota's constitution. The large, principally online universities Capella University and Walden University are both headquartered in the city. The public four-year Metropolitan State University and the private four- year University of St. Thomas are among post-secondary institutions based elsewhere that have campuses in Minneapolis. Minneapolis Community and Technical College and theprivate Dunwoody College of Technology provide career training. St. Mary's University ofMinnesota has a Twin Cities campus for its graduate and professional programs. The city's public high school has a graduation rate of 66 percent, and the state's high school graduation rate is 80 percent. The school board makes policy, selects the superintendent, and oversees the district's budget, curriculum, personnel, and facilities. In 2017, the graduation rate was 66 percent. It has a population of 2.3 million. The average income is $50.2 million, the lowest in the state. The median household income is about $50 million.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Minneapolis, Anoka County, Minnesota = 85.1. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 27. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 20. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Minneapolis = 3.1 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 429,954 individuals with a median age of 35.2 age the population dropped by -0.80% in Minneapolis, Anoka County, Minnesota population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 7,962.11 residents per square mile of area (3,074.21/km²). There are average 2.22 people per household in the 161,862 households with an average household income of $45,628 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 7.90% of the available work force and has dropped -2.96% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 27.08%. The number of physicians in Minneapolis per 100,000 population = 342.3.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Minneapolis = 34.2 inches and the annual snowfall = 54.5 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 101. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 198. 87 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 6.3 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 48, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Minneapolis, Anoka County, Minnesota which are owned by the occupant = 47.01%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 65 years with median home cost = $171,670 and home appreciation of -10.28%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $12.06 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $7,920 per student. There are 19.6 students for each teacher in the school, 670 students for each Librarian and 1222 students for each Counselor. 5.56% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 24.31% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 13.08% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).